Ngaba iiTowers zokupholisa zibaleka ebusika?

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ihlelwe ngokweemeko zokusetyenziswa, iinqaba zokupholisa zemveliso yemizi-mveliso kufuneka zisebenze unyaka wonke ngaphandle kokuvalwa. Imigca yokuvelisa ubunjineli beekhemikhali, unikezelo lwamandla, izinto ezintsha, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kunye nokuchaneka kokulungiswa komatshini kufuna ukulawulwa kweqondo lokushisa rhoqo.

 

Iireactors, iicompressor zomoya, oomatshini bokubumba inaliti, iziguquli rhoqo kunye neeseti zejenereyitha zivelisa ubushushu ngokuqhubekayo ngexesha lokusebenza. Nje ukuba inkqubo yokupholisa iyekile, izixhobo ziya kubangela{1}}i-alam zobushushu obuphezulu ngokukhawuleza kwaye zitshise nezinto ezingundoqo.

 

Naxa ubushushu bangaphandle buhla ukuya kuthabatha ngaphezulu kweshumi ngokukaCelsius, iinqaba zokupholisa ezivaliweyo kunye nezixhobo zokupholisa eziba ngumphunga kwiifektri kufuneka ziqhube iiyure ezingama-24{1}}zingayeki. Bathembele kujikelezo lwe-antifreeze ukugcina ukutshintshiselana kobushushu, isiqinisekiso semveliso engaphazamisekiyo kwaye abanaxesha lokuphumla ebusika. Amaziko edatha kunye namagumbi ekhompyuter ye-AI abeka iimfuno ezingqongqo kubushushu bamanzi, kwaye iiseva zivelisa ubushushu obukhulu. Nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka kwinkqubo yokupholisa kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ixesha lomncedisi kunye nokulahleka kwedatha, ngoko ke iinqaba zokupholisa kufuneka zisebenze ngokupheleleyo ebusika. Ujikelezo oluvaliweyo lwahlula umoya obandayo ukuthintela ukukhenkceza kwemibhobho.

 

 

 

Ukusebenza kwasebusika kweenqaba zokupholisa zabantu ezincinci kuyahluka ngokwemimandla. Kwimimandla esemazantsi, amaqondo obushushu asebusika ahlala ngaphezulu kwe-zero kungekho mngcipheko wokupholisa, ngoko ke iinqaba zokupholisa ezihambelana nomoya womoya ophakathi zisebenza ngokwesiqhelo ukuzinzisa iiyunithi zamanzi abandayo zokufudumeza kwiindawo zokuthenga, kwizakhiwo zeofisi kunye neehotele.

 

 

Iinqaba zokupholisa eziqhelekileyo ezivulekileyo kwimimandla esemantla azikwazi kuqhuba phantsi-kweemeko zomthwalo kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi angaphandle. Ukuba i-air conditioning ephakathi ibonelela kuphela ngokufudumeza ngaphandle kwemfuno yokupholisa ebusika, iifeni kunye neenkqubo zokutshiza zamanzi kwiinqaba ezivulekileyo ziya kuvalwa, kunye nemibhobho kuphela ekhutshwe kwaye ifakwe i-insulated. Nangona kunjalo, kwizakhiwo ezineemfuno zokupholisa ezisezantsi-ebusika, ezifana{4}}neelabhoratri zobushushu obungaguqukiyo kunye namaqula okuqubha, iinqaba zokupholisa kufuneka zihlale zisebenza kunye nemilinganiselo exhasayo yokuchasana{5}}nomkhenkce.

 

 

Kukho umahluko omkhulu kwingqiqo yokusebenza yasebusika phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini zeenqaba zokupholisa eziqhelekileyo. Ukutshiza amanzi eenqaba zokupholisa ezivulekileyo anxibelelana nomoya ngokuthe ngqo, nto leyo ebangela ngokulula ukuqhekeka kokupakisha, izitya zokuqokelela amanzi kunye nemibhobho yokutshiza phantsi kobushushu obuphantsi basebusika. Ukutshiza ngokuqhubekayo kwamanzi kukodwa kuya kubangela i-icing kunye nokuvala.

 

Ngoko ke, iinqaba zokupholisa ezivulekileyo kwiindawo ezisemantla azifane ziqhube ngokuqhubekayo ebusika; Uninzi luyakhutshelwa kwaye luvalwe ngokulandelwa kombane kunye nokufakwa kwe-thermal efakwe, okanye itshintshelwe kwi-standby plate heat exchangers ukunciphisa unikezelo lwamanzi kwinqaba. Ngokwahlukileyo, iinqaba zokupholisa ezivaliweyo zisebenzisa i-ethylene glycol antifreeze njengendawo yokutshintshiselana ngobushushu yangaphakathi kunye neesekethe zamanzi ezitywinwe ngokupheleleyo, zahlula amanzi okutshiza kwiikhoyili zokutshintsha ubushushu.

 

 

Banokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo nangaphandle kwama-20 degrees. AbaSebenzisi bahlengahlengisa kuphela isantya sefeni ngokweqondo lobushushu be-ambient, kwaye bavale iifeni phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu aphantsi ukuba baxhomekeke kuphela kuconvection wendalo wokutshabalalisa ubushushu.

 

Oku kuhlangabezana neemfuno zokupholisa ngaphandle kokuvaleka kwemibhobho yokupholisa, okwenza iinqaba zokupholisa ezivaliweyo zibe zezona zixhobo ziphambili zokupholisa kumashishini asemantla ebusika.

 

 

Iinqaba zokupholisa eziqhuba ngokuqhubekayo ebusika zifuna amanyathelo apheleleyo okuchasa{0} umkhenkce ukuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle. Okokuqala, okuphakathi kokuchasa -umkhenkce: yongeza i-ethylene glycol antifreeze yoxinaniso oluhambelanayo kwiinkqubo ezivaliweyo ngokomlinganiselo osekelwe kubuncinane bobushushu bendawo ukunqanda okuphakathi kweekhoyili ekukhenkceni.

 

Okwesibini, umbhobho wokulandela umkhondo wombane: fakela iintambo zokujonga zombane kwizitya zokuqokelelwa kwamanzi kunye nemibhobho yokutshiza esongelwe ngomqhaphu oshushu, ovulwe kwangaxeshanye ukugcina ubushushu bamanzi. Okwesithathu, ulawulo lwabalandeli olukrelekrele: ukuthoba ngokuzenzekelayo isantya sefeni okanye ukumisa abalandeli phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu asezantsi ukunciphisa ukungena komoya obandayo kwaye unqande i-icing ngaphakathi kweenqaba.

 

Okwesine, okungaphazamisekiyo kwisantya esisezantsi-kujikelezo oluphantsi ngokusebenzisa iimpompo ezijikelezayo ukuthintela amanzi ukuba angangeni xa engashukumi kunye nokugcina ukuhamba kwamanzi ngobusuku obuqhaqhazelisa amazinyo. Ngokusebenza okusemgangathweni kunye nokulungiswa, iinqaba zokupholisa zinokuhamba ixesha elide-ebusika ngaphandle komonakalo womkhenkce.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Iinqaba zokupholisa zingavalwa kwiintlobo ezimbini zeemeko. Udidi lokuqala lubandakanya izixhobo zamaxesha onyaka, ezifana nehlobo{1}}lomoya okhethekileyo okhethekileyo kunye noomatshini bokubumba abancinci benaliti. Oku kumisa imveliso ngaphandle kwemfuno yokulahla ubushushu ebusika; abasebenzi bakhupha onke amanzi angaphakathi kwiinqaba, bacime iimpompo zamanzi neefeni, baze baqhube umbhobho wokugquma ubushushu kunye nokhuseleko lwevalvu ukuvumela iinqaba zingasebenzi ebusika.

 

 

Udidi lwesibini lubhekiselele kwiinqaba zokupholisa ezilindileyo. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi-ezinxuseneyo zokupholisa, ziiyunithi eziphambili kuphela eziqhutywa ebusika ngelixa iinqaba zokulinda zikhutshwa amanzi ixesha elide{2}}ukuvalwa nokulondolozwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba onke amanzi ashiyekileyo kwizitya zokuqokelela amanzi, imibhobho kunye neekhoyili kufuneka zikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuvalwa; kungenjalo, amanzi ashiyekileyo angumkhenkce aya kuqhekeza iqokobhe nemibhobho, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isixhobo singasebenzi kwintwasahlobo elandelayo.

 

 

 

Uluvo olungeyonyani oluxhaphakileyo lubambe ukuba ukuchithwa kobushushu akuyomfuneko kwimozulu ebandayo kwaye iinqaba zokupholisa kufuneka ziyeke ukusebenza ebusika. Enyanisweni, izixhobo zokuvelisa ubushushu azichatshazelwa ngamaxesha onyaka. Ubushushu buveliswa nanini na iiyunithi eziphambili zisebenza, ukwenza iinkqubo zokupholisa zibe yimfuneko engqongqo yokhuseleko lwesixhobo. Ubushushu bomoya obusezantsi ebusika bunikezela ngokugqibeleleyo ukutshabalalisa ubushushu kwiinqaba zokupholisa kunehlobo.

 

 

Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lokuqalisa kweefeni{0}}kumjikelezo wokumisa ucutha ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenza ukuqonda amandla{1}}ukugcina ukupholisa. Ayilobushushu kodwa umngcipheko wokukhenkceka othintela ukusebenza kwasebusika kweenqaba zokupholisa. Unyaka ozinzile{4}umsebenzi womjikelo uphunyeleliswa ngokupheleleyo ngokujikeleziswa okutywiniweyo, isinqandi-mkhenkce kunye nokugqunywa komkhondo wombane.

 

 

Isishwankathelo, akukho mgaqo ofanayo wokuba iinqaba zokupholisa zisebenza ebusika, ezixhomekeke ekubeni izixhobo ezixhasayo zifuna ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu okuqhubekayo. Izixhobo zokupholisa ezihambelana nemigca yemveliso yemizi-mveliso, amaziko eenkcukacha kunye neendawo zobushushu eziqhubekayo-zendawo zobushushu azipheli{2}}unyaka wonke, neenqaba zokupholisa ezivaliweyo ezinomgangatho ophezulu wokuchasana{3}}nomsebenzi womkhenkce njengokhetho olukhethiweyo.

 

 

Kuphela zizixhobo zokupholisa zamaxesha onyaka kunye neenqaba zokulinda ezinokukhutshelwa amanzi kwaye zivale. Iinqaba zokupholisa ezivulekileyo kwindawo ezisemantla azilungelanga-ukutshizwa kwamanzi ixesha elide ebusika kwaye kufuneka zitshintshele kwiindlela ezichasene{2} nomkhenkce okanye zivaliwe ukuze zikhuseleke. Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kokuchasana{4} nomkhenkce kunye nokulungelelanisa ukugcinwa kobushushu ebusika kunye nokhuseleko lwezixhobo.