Ivaliwe-ISekethe ePholisayo yeMakethe yeNqaba yeSabelana ngeRose nge-7% kwiminyaka emi-5 – Yintoni eNgemva kwayo?

Ivaliwe-ISekethe ePholisayo yeMakethe yeNqaba yeSabelana ngeRose nge-7% kwiminyaka emi-5 – Yintoni eNgemva kwayo?

Ngokwedatha yoshishino, isabelo seivaliwe-iindawo zokupholisa zesekethikwimakethi yenqaba yokupholisa iyonke inyuke ukusuka31.2%ngo-2021 ukuya38.2%ngo-2025--1. Inzuzo yepesenti ezisi-7 kwiminyaka emihlanu ayiyonto incinci kwicandelo lezixhobo zemizi-mveliso esele ikhulile. Ngoko kwavela phi ukukhula?

I. Ukonga Amanzi – Eyona Nyaniso inzima

Iinqaba zokupholisa ngabasebenzisi bamanzi abakhulu kwimizi-mveliso. Kwiinqaba zokupholisa ezivulekileyo, amanzi ajikelezayo abonakaliswe ngokuthe ngqo emoyeni. Umphunga odityanisiweyo kunye neelahleko zokukhukuliseka ngokuqhelekileyo ziqala ukusuka1.24% ukuya kwi-2%-. Ngenkqubo ye-100{3}}yetoni-ngeyure, inqaba evulekileyo inokukhupha amawaka eetoni zamanzi ngonyaka.

Ezivaliweyo-iinqaba zeesekethesebenza ngokwahlukileyo. Amanzi ajikelezayo ahamba ngaphakathi kweekhoyili ezivaliweyo, akaze adibane nomoya, ngokulahleka kwamanzi okuphantsi0.01%-. Uphando lubonisa ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokusebenza, iinqaba ezivaliweyo ziyakwaziyonga ngaphezulu kwe-55% yamanzixa kuthelekiswa neenqaba ezivulekileyo--. Ngokukhula kokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso amanzi avela kwimizi-mveliso, lo msantsa uguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kukongiwa kweendleko zokusebenza.

II. Imigaqo-nkqubo iTyhala amaShishini ukuba atshintshe

Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe yolondolozo lwamanzi kwimizi-mveliso iye yaqina kakhulu. IsiCwangciso sokuSebenza sokuPhuculwa kokuSebenza ngokuSebenzayo kwaManzi sowama-2024 sifuna ngokucacileyo iiprojekthi ezintsha ukuze kuphunyezweukupholisa izinga lokurisayikilisha kwamanzi angekho ngaphantsi kwama-98%-42. Umlinganiselo wokutsalwa kwamanzi nawo uya usiba ngqongqo kuyo yonke imimandla-. Iinqaba ezivulekileyo, kunye nelahleko yazo ephezulu yokumka komphunga kunye nobunzima bokuhlangabezana nemilinganiselo ekujoliswe kuyo yokurisayikilisha, ziyakhutshwa kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ezintsha.Ezivaliweyo-iinqaba zeesekethe, ngoyilo lwabo oluvaliweyo{0}}loludwe lwazo, ngokwendalo bayahlangabezana nezi mfuno-. Ngo-2025, imigangatho yenqaba yokupholisa esanda kukhutshwa eTshayinainyuse iimfuno zovavanyo lwelahleko ngama-50%-37 - uxinzelelo lweenqaba ezivulekileyo, ithuba labavaliweyo-1.

III. AmaZiko eeNkcukacha kunye -neMveliso ePhakamileyo yiMfuno yokuQhuba

Iimarike zemveli ezisezantsi zokupholisa iinqaba - amandla, iikhemikhali, kunye nesinyithi-zinzile kodwa zibonelela ngokukhula okulinganiselwe-37-42. Ukukhula kokwenyani kuvela kwimiba emitsha:

Amaziko eenkcukacha alelona candelo{0}}elikhula ngokukhawuleza. Uxinaniso oluphezulu - lwekhompuyutha lufuna ukuchaneka okugqithisileyo kunye nokuthembeka kwiinkqubo zokupholisa, kunye nemarike yedatha yokupholisa inqaba.ikhula nge-12% ngonyaka{1}}ngaphezu{2}unyaka ngo-2025-37. Ezivaliweyo-iinqaba zeesekethe, kunye nomgangatho wabo wamanzi acocekileyo, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, kunye nokuchasana nokulinganisa, ngokuqhelekileyo iukhetho olusemgangathwenikwezi zicelo-.

Ukuveliswa kweSemiconductor lelinye icandelo elikhula ngokukhawuleza. Amalaphu e-wafer aneemfuno ezingqongqo zokupholisa ubulunga bamanzi kunye nozinzo lobushushu, imfuno eqhubayo ye-isiphelo esivaliweyo{2}}iinqaba zeesekethi. Eli candeloikhule nge-29.5% ngo-2024-47.

Icandelo elitsha lezamandla nalo linegalelo. Imveliso ye-photovoltaic yepolysilicon kunye nokwenza ibhetri ye-lithium zombini zifuna ubushushu obuphezulu-obuchanekileyo{2}}isixhobo sokupholisa esilawulwayo-47.

Ezi zicelo zitsha zabelana ngantoni:ubuntununtunu kumgangatho wamanzi, ukunganyamezeli ixesha lokuphumla, kunye nokugxila kwiindleko zokusebenza zexesha elide{0}}– kanye apho{0}}iinqaba ezivaliweyo zigqwesa.

IV. Itekhnoloji iphakamisa iMveliso

Ukukhula kwemarike akuqhutywa zizinto zangaphandle kuphela – imveliso ngokwayo iyakhula. Iinkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele ziba semgangathweni kwiivaliwe-iinqaba zeesekethe,usebenzisa{0}}esweni ixesha lokwenyani lomgangatho wamanzi, ubushushu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kakuhle-. Itekhnoloji yokuqhuba i-variable frequency inekuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngama-20% ukuya kuma-25%kwisizukulwana esilandelayo{0}iinqaba-47. Izinzwa ze-IoT kunye netekhnoloji yamawele edijithali yenza ukuba kubekwe iliso kude kunye nokugcinwa kwangaphambili,ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza nge-18% ukuya kwi-25%-47. Ngamanye amazwi,ivaliwe-iinqaba zeesekethimusa ukonga amanzi kuphela – zonga umbane kwaye zinciphisa iinkathazo. Xa imveliso igqwesa abo bakhuphisana nabo kwiinkalo ezininzi, inzuzo yesabelo semarike ilandela ngokwendalo-.

Ukuqukumbela

Amanqaku asixhenxe ekhulwini kwiminyaka emihlanu ayikho ingozi. Ibonakalisa ugcino lweendleko ezizinzileyo ukusuka kubuchule bamanzi, ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwemigaqo-nkqubo kwizixhobo zokusebenza-eziphezulu{2}}eziphezulu, imfuno engqongqo yokupholisa{3}}komgangatho ophezulu ukusuka kumaziko edatha kunye nokuveliswa okuphezulu, kunye nokuphuculwa kwemveliso eqhutywa bubuchwepheshe. Imikhosi emine idityanisiwe ukuqhuba olu tshintsho lwe-7%.

Kubasebenzisi, imeko yeivaliwe-iinqaba zeesekethiiya icaca ngakumbi:isenokungabi lolona khetho lusezantsi, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, lolona khetho luneendleko-ezisebenzayo kwixesha elide.