USetyenziso lwaManzi oluvaliweyo-iiNkqubo zokuPholisa iLoop
Jun 30, 2026
Shiya umyalezo
Inkqubo yokupholisa iluphu evaliweyo -iquka iisekethe zamanzi ezimbini ezizimeleyo: inkqubo yangaphakathi etywiniweyo yomjikelezo wesekethe kunye nesekethe yangaphandle yokutshiza. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nokulahleka kweesekethe ezimbini zihlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo.
Iyonke imfuno yamanzi ibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini: inkqubo ye-static ephethe umthamo wamanzi kunye namanzi okuzilungisa ukuze asebenze yonke imihla. Xa kuthelekiswa neenqaba zokupholisa eziqhelekileyo ezivulekileyo, inikezela ngamanzi agqwesileyo{1}}ukusebenza okonga kwaye isebenza njengesisombululo esingundoqo sokupholisa amandla amatsha, ishishini lemichiza, ukwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye namaziko edatha.
I. Iyonke iStatic yokubamba uMqulu waManzi ({1}}Ixesha elinye lokuzalisa uMqulu)
Umthamo wamanzi angatshintshiyo ubhekiselele kumanzi ewonke ekufuneka agcwaliswe ngexesha lokuqala kokugunyaziswa okanye ukukhutshwa ngokupheleleyo emva kohlengahlengiso olukhulu, oluqulunqwe ngamanzi angaphakathi kwinkqubo kunye namanzi okutshizwa angaphandle.
Itywiniwe kwiNkqubo yaNgaphakathi yokuThuthukiswa kwamanzi
Le sekethi ivalwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi kweekhoyili, kwimibhobho, kwizitshintshi zobushushu kunye neetanki zamanzi ezikhuselayo ngaphandle kokuvezwa emoyeni, okukhokelela kwilahleko yamanzi endalo engafanelekanga ngexesha lokusebenza. Ifomula yokubala:Umthamo waManzi eNkqubo=uMqulu weMibhobho + uMqulu weKoyili + Umthamo weTanki yesiBonelelo Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza kwimizi-mveliso, umthamo omileyo wokubamba ufikelela malunga ne-8–12 m³ nge-100 m³/h yokuqukuqela kokujikeleza kwenkqubo. Iiyunithi ezincinci ezihamba ngaphantsi kwe-50 m³/h zibamba i-3-6 m³ yamanzi.
Izixokelelwano ezinkulu ezivaliweyo-ezijikelezileyo zokugcina amandla kunye neenkqubo zekhemikhali ezihamba ngaphezu kwe-1,000 m³/h zifuna ukuya kumakhulu eetyhubhik metres{3}}ukuzaliswa kwexesha elinye. Amanzi athambileyo, amanzi acocekileyo okanye i-ethylene glycol aqueous solution ayamkelwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengendlela ejikelezayo. Kuphela ziimali ezincinci eziphakathi ezifuna ukuncediswa ukuvuza emva kokuzaliswa kokuqala, kwaye ukutshintshwa{6}} okukhulu okuphakathi akuyomfuneko unyaka wonke.
Isitshizi sangaphandle sokujikeleza kwamanzi
Amanzi atshizayo ahamba phezu komphezulu wangaphandle weekhoyili ezitywiniweyo ukwenzela ukutshintshiselana kobushushu obunukayo kwaye agcinwe kwisumpu yamanzi esezantsi kwinqaba yokupholisa. Umthamo wayo omileyo ubala kuphela i-20% -50% yenkqubo yokujikeleza. Thatha i-500 m³/h evaliweyo-inkqubo yokupholisa ye-loop inkqubo njengomzekelo: ukuhamba komjikelezo wokutshiza ukusuka kwi-100 ukuya kwi-250 m³/h, ngelixa amanzi amileyo abambe kwi-sump yi-5-15 m³ nje, ngaphantsi kwamakhulu ee-cubic metres ezigcinwe kwisitya samanzi seenqaba zokupholisa ezivulekileyo ezifanayo.
Itotali-ivolumu yokuzalisa ixesha lenkqubo evaliweyo-yi-loop kuphela yi-30% -50% yaleyo yenkqubo evulekileyo enomthamo ofanayo wokuchitha ubushushu, inciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuqala.
II. UkuSetyenziswa kwaManzi e-Makeup kwiMisebenzi yeMihla yonke (uMthombo onguNdoqo woLahleko lwaManzi oluqhubekayo)
Ulahleko lwamanzi lwemihla ngemihla kwiinkqubo ezivaliweyo ze-loop kwenzeka kuphela kwisekethi yokutshiza yangaphandle, ngelixa ilahleko yomjikelezo wangaphakathi inokungahoywa. Umthamo wamanzi wokuzilungisa uquka ilahleko yokumka ngumphunga, ilahleko yokukhukuliseka kunye nelahleko yokuvuthuza.Ifomula ngokubanzi: Ukwakheka kweyure Umthamo waManzi=Ilahleko yoMphunga + Ilahleko yokuKhuleka + iLahleko yokuBlowdown
Ilahleko yoMphunga (70%–80% yelahleko iyonke, umsebenzisi wokuqala wamanzi)
Ubushushu buyasuswa ngokuphuphuma kwamanzi okutshizwa, kwaye umahluko weqondo lobushushu umisela ngokuthe ngqo umthamo wokumka kwamanzi. Umgangatho wobugcisa boshishino: xa umahluko weqondo lobushushu phakathi kokungena kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi okutshizwa kuku-5 degree, ilahleko yomphunga ilingana ne-0.54% yetotali yokujikeleza kokutshiza.Ifomula yokubala echanekileyo: WE=Δt×L×4.1868÷2520 Apho Δt=umahluko wobushushu bamanzi wokutshiza;
L=izinga lokutshiza ngeyure. Umzekelo, ngokugeleza kokutshiza kwama-200 m³/h kunye ne-5℃degree umahluko, ilahleko yomphunga weyure ibetha malunga ne-1.08 m³.
Ehlotyeni eshushu kunye nokunyuka kobushushu bebhalbhu -, ilahleko yomphunga iyenyuka kancinane ukuya kwi-0.6% -0.8% yokuqukuqela kokutshiza.
Ilahleko yeDrift
-izithinteli ezisebenza kakuhle zamanzi zithintela inkungu yamanzi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwilahleko ephantsi kakhulu yokukhukuliseka kwiinkqubo ezivaliweyo-ezijikelezileyo, kuphela i-0.001% -0.1% yomthamo wamanzi okutshizwa. Izixhobo zeprayimari zinokulawula ilahleko yokukhukuliseka engaphantsi kwe-0.05%, idala phantse kungabikho mthwalo wamanzi, ngokungaphezulu kakhulu kuneenqaba ezivulekileyo ezinelahleko yokukhukuliseka kwe-2% ukuya kwe-3%.
Ilahleko yokuPhuculwa kweBlowdown
Iityuwa ziqokelelana kumanzi okutshizwa emva kokuba -kumanzi amdaka exesha elide, ngoko ke ukuvuthuza rhoqo kuyafuneka ukulawula imijikelo yoxinaniso, kunye nemijikelo yoxinaniso eqhelekileyo ukusuka kwisi-3 ukuya kwisi-5.
Ifomula yokubala: Umthamo weBlowdown=Ilahleko yoMphunga ÷ (Umjikelo wokuNxibelela − 1) Iisistim ezivaliweyo{2}}ezijikelezileyo zinesiseko esincinci somthamo wamanzi okutshiza, okukhokelela kumthamo ophantsi wokuvuthela kunye nomthamo omncinci wokukhupha. Iinkqubo ezinolawulo olungqongqo lomgangatho wamanzi zinokwandisa amaxesha okubetha kwaye zinciphise ngakumbi imfuno yokulungisa amanzi.
Ukudibanisa zontathu iindidi zelahleko, phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni, itotali yeyure yonke yokwenza amanzi enziweyo evaliweyo-i-loop systems ibalelwa kuphela i-0.5% -1.5% yokujikeleza kokutshiza. Iguqulwe ibe yinkqubo engundoqo yokuhambahamba, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi xa iyonke yi-10% -20% yeenqaba zokupholisa ezivulekileyo ezichazwe ngokulinganayo.
Uthelekiso olusekwe kwi-500 m³/h evaliweyo-inkqubo yokupholisa iluphu yenkqubo: iinqaba ezivulekileyo zifuna i-10–15 m³ yamanzi enziweyo ngeyure, ngelixa izixokelelwano ezivaliweyo{4}}zelophu zisebenzisa kuphela i-0.5–1.5 m³ ngeyure. Kwiiyure ezingama-20{12}}zomsebenzi oqhubekayo wemihla ngemihla, ngaphezulu kwe-170 yeetoni zamanzi zinokugcinwa, okulingana neetoni ezingaphezulu kwama-50,000 zokonga amanzi ngonyaka, ukwehlisa ngokubonakalayo uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwimimandla enqongopheleyo yamanzi.
III. Izahluko eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuSetyenziswa kwaManzi eSixokelelwano esivaliweyo{1}
Ubushushu kunye nobushushu bebhalbhu ekwindawo engqongileyo emanzi: ilahleko yobushushu bunyuka ngama-20%–30% phantsi kweemeko ezishushu nezifumileyo zasehlotyeni. Kubushushu obuphantsi{4}ebusika, imowudi yokupholisa okomileyo inokuvulwa ngesitshizi sivalwe ukuphumeza usetyenziso lwamanzi lwe-makeup.
Ulwakhiwo lwezixhobo: iikhoyili ezivuleke kakhulu kunye{0}}nezisusi zamanzi ezixinana kakhulu zinciphisa ilahleko, ngelixa iisumps ezinkulu{1} zomthamo zinciphisa ukugcwaliswa kwe-makeup rhoqo.
Ulawulo lobulunga bamanzi: Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okutshizwa athambekele kunyusa imijikelo yoxinaniso kwaye kwehlisa inkunkuma yamanzi enxulumene nokuvuthuza.
Ukuxinana kwenkqubo: ukuvuza kwemibhobho yangaphakathi yokujikeleza kunye neevalvu kwandisa kancinane umthamo wokwenziwa kwamanzi acocekileyo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunokunciphisa ilahleko yokuvuza ngaphantsi kwe-0.05%.
IV. Iimeko zokuSetyenziswa kwaManzi eziSebenzayo kwizicelo zoShishino
I-800 m³/h ivaliwe{1}}inkqubo yokupholisa iluphu yamaziko edatha kunye nogcino lwamandla: iyonke ivolumu yokuzalisa engashukumiyo malunga ne-90 m³; Amanzi enziwe ngeyure e-1.2–1.8 m³ phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu behlobo, amanzi e-makeup ayiziro kwimowudi yokupholisa eyomileyo yasebusika.
I-400 m³/h ivaliwe-iyunithi yelophu yokupholisa imichiza yecrystallization: umthamo wokuzalisa omileyo wama-45 m³, i-avareji ye-makeup yeyure yamanzi ayi-0.6–1.0 m³ unyaka wonke.
Ngexesha -lokusebenza ixesha elide, iinkqubo zokupholisa ezivaliweyo{1}}zizisa amanzi amabini{2}}ugcino lweemfanelo: ixesha eliphantsi{3}}lomthamo wokugcwalisa{3}}ixesha eliphantsi kunye nemfuno encinci eqhubekayo yamanzi yokwakheka. Ngeli xesha, inkqubo yangaphakathi yokujikeleziswa kwamanzi ahlala ecocekile ixesha elide ngaphandle kokutshintshwa rhoqo okuphakathi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi bamanzi kunye neendleko zokucocwa kwamanzi kwimithombo, kunye nokuthobelana nemigaqo-nkqubo yolondolozo lwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi.
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