Ngaba iNdawo yokuPholisa yeSekethe evaliweyo -Iza neMpompo?

Impendulo yokuba ingaba -indawo yokupholisa yesekethe evaliweyo iza nempompo eyakhelweyo-ngaphakathi ayingo"ewe" okanye "hayi" elula; ibotshelelwe kwingqiqo yoyilo lwesixhobo kunye nendlela yokudibanisa inkqubo. Ngapha koko, yonke inqaba yokupholisa-yesetyhula evaliweyo ixhomekeke kwimpompo ukuze isebenze, kodwa isitshixo sikwindawo ejikelezayo yempompo esebenza kuyo. Ngaphakathi kwenkqubo evaliweyo -yenqaba yokupholisa yesekethe, kukho iindlela ezimbini ezizimeleyo ezijikelezayo ezitshintshisa ubushushu ngodonga lwetyhubhu:

Ujikelezo lwangaphakathi (ujikelezo oluphambili): Unoxanduva lwezixhobo zenkqubo yokupholisa, apho ulwelo lwenkqubo ecocekileyo luhamba ngeekhoyili ezitywiniweyo.

Ukujikeleza kwangaphandle (ukujikelezwa kwesitshizi): Kupholisa iikhoyili ngokutshiza kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi abe ngumphunga ngaphakathi kwinqaba.

Xa sibuza ukuba "iza nempompo," sibhekisa ngokukodwa kwimpompo ejikelezayo esisiseko{0}}owona mthombo wamandla ophambili oqhuba ujikelezo oluphambili.​

Kwimarike, uyilo oludityanisiweyo luyinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye uninzi oluncinci naphakathi{0}}iindawo zokupholisa ezivaliweyo{1}}zesetyhula ziquka impompo ejikelezayo esisiseko njengomgangatho owakhiweyo{2}}kwicandelo. Olu yilo ludibanisa impompo, itanki yamanzi, iikhoyili, kunye nefeni kwiyunithi enye, ukuphelisa isidingo sabasebenzisi sokukhetha kunye nokufaka izinto zangaphandle. Abasebenzisi badinga kuphela ukudibanisa imibhobho yenkqubo kunye nonikezelo lombane ukubeka inkqubo ekusebenzeni, ukuphucula kakhulu iplagi yesixhobo -kunye{6}}nomdlalo wokudlala kunye nofakelo lula. Olu luyilo lufanelekele ngokukodwa iimeko zosetyenziso ezisemgangathweni kunye{8}ezinkulu

Nangona kunjalo, kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu-ezinkulu okanye ezikhethekileyo, imeko iyahluka. Ukuqwalasela ubhetyebhetye lwesixokelelwano, ukugcinwa lula, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza, iinqaba zokupholisa{2} ezivaliweyo zesetyhula nazo zinokubonelelwa ngaphandle kwempompo yokuqala yomjikelezo. Kule meko, inqaba iphathwa ngakumbi njengeyunithi yokutshintsha ubushushu obusulungekileyo, kwaye iinjineli ngokuzimeleyo ziyila kwaye zifake iiseti zempompo zangaphandle ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zokumelana nayo yonke inkqubo yenkqubo{4}}kuquka ubude bombhobho, inani lengqiniba, kunye nokwahlukana kobude bofakelo lwesixhobo. Ngelixa le ndlela inyusa ukuntsokotha koyilo -kwangoko, ivumela ukuthelekiseka okuthe ngqo kwentloko yempompo kunye nesantya sokuhamba, ukuthintela inkcitho yamandla. Ukongezelela, xa impompo ifuna ukulungiswa, ayichaphazeli ukusebenza kwenqaba yokupholisa ngokwayo

Ngoko ke, nokuba inqaba yokupholisa yesiphaluka-evaliweyo "iza nempompo" lurhwebo phakathi{1}}noncedo oludityanisiweyo" kunye "nokulungiselelwa okulungiselelweyo" okwenziwa ngabavelisi bezixhobo kunye nabayili benkqubo. Ayilophawu olusisigxina kodwa lulungelelwaniso olukhethiweyo olusekwe kwiimfuno zesicelo. Xa bekhetha isixhobo, abasebenzisi kufuneka bacacise iimfuno zabo zokuchaneka kolawulo lwenkqubo, iindleko zokufakela, kunye{4}}nemifuziselo yokulondolozwa kwexesha elide ukwenza olona khetho lufanelekileyo.​

Iingqwalasela eziphambili kwiZigqibo zoKhetho: URhwebo oluBanzi{0}}lophulwe kwiiMfuno ukuya kwiiNdleko

Xa kumiselwa{0}inqaba yokupholisa yesekethe evaliweyo ifuna ukwakhiwa{1}}kwimpompo engundoqo yokusasazwa, abasebenzisi kufuneka badlulele ngaphaya kombuzo ongaphaya kombuzo othi "ubukho okanye ukungabikho" kwaye baseke isikhokelo sovavanyo{2}}semilinganiselo emininzi.​

1. Ukuchasana kweNkqubo kunye noQhagamshelwano loMgangatho wokuHamba

Kwiimeko ezinokuxhathisa okuzinzileyo kunye neemfuno zomyinge wokuqukuqela omnye (umzekelo, iisistim zomoya ezincinci naphakathi{2}}ezinobungakanani, imigca emincinci yemveliso yemizi-mveliso), ezakhelwe{3}}kwiimpompo zingena kwi-factory preset debugging ukuze ifanise ngokuchanekileyo iimeko zokusebenza ezilinganiselweyo zesixhobo. Oku kuthintela imiba efana "nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo" (impompo enkulu eqhuba umthwalo omncinci) okanye ukungabikho kwesantya sokuhamba okungonelanga okubangelwa-zimpazamo zokukhetha indawo.​

Ngokwahlukileyo, -izityalo ezinkulu zekhemikhali okanye iisistim zesikhenkcezisi ezineeyunithi ezininzi ezinxuseneyo-ezilungelelanisiweyo zijongana nokuxhathisa kwemibhobho ephenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi (umzekelo, i-viscosity ephakathi, umgama wothutho, inani leevalvu) kwaye inokufuna ukulungiswa kwesantya sokuhamba phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iimpompo zangaphandle zinokufezekisa ukulungelelaniswa okuguquguqukayo ngokusebenzisa iigophe zentloko ezilungiselelweyo kunye nokulawulwa kokuguqulwa kwamaza, ukuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.

2. ISicwangciso soLondolozo kunye neeNdleko zokuvala

Ezakhelwe-kwiimpompo zinenqanaba eliphezulu lokudityaniswa kunye nomzimba wenqaba yokupholisa. Ugcino lufuna kuvalwe zonke izixhobo, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwilahleko ephezulu yemveliso ukuba isetyenziswa kumakhonkco okupholisa abalulekileyo kwimveliso eqhubekayo.

Iimpompo zangaphandle, nangona kunjalo, zisebenzisa uyilo lombhobho oluzimeleyo. Ngokufakela iiseti zempompo zokulondoloza, ukutshintshwa okungenamthungo kunokufezekiswa ngexesha lokugcinwa kwempompo enye, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo eqhubekayo. Umzekelo, kwiinkqubo zokupholisa iziko ledatha, amaqela eseva anonyamezelo oluphantsi kakhulu lokuphazamiseka kokupholisa. Iimpompo zangaphandle ezineendlela ezimbini-ezinoyilo lokungafuneki kweendlela zibe lulungiselelo olusemgangathweni lweshishini. Ukuthembeka kwenkqubo ephuculweyo okuziswe kukuguquguquka kogcino kodlula kakhulu utyalo-mali olongezelelweyo{5}}lwezixhobo zeqonga.​

3. Indawo yokuFakela kunye neeMfuno zoKwandiswa kwekamva

Iiprojekthi ezincinci naphakathi{0}}eziphakathi zihlala zithintelwa yindawo yegumbi lomatshini. Uyilo oludityanisiweyo olwakhelwe{2} kwiimpompo lugcina indawo esemgangathweni kwaye lwenza lula uyilo lwemibhobho.​

Ukwandiswa kwamandla ocwangciso lwamashishini, iinkqubo zempompo zangaphandle zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu. Ngokongeza iiseti zempompo kunye neenqaba zokupholisa kumbhobho wokuqala, inyathelo-nge{2}}ngenyathelo lokuphucula umthamo wokupholisa unokufikelelwa ngaphandle kokutshintsha isixhobo esihlanganisiweyo siphela, kuncitshiswe kakhulu iindleko kunye nobunzima bohlengahlengiso lwamva.​

Ukuphumelela kuYilo lweMpompo yeemeko zeSicelo esiKhethekileyo

Ngophuculo lobugcisa bemizi-mveliso, iindawo ezikhethekileyo zibeke phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zoyilo lwempompo yeenqaba zokupholisa ezivaliweyo -, eziqhuba uphuhliso lwezisombululo ezilungiselelwe wena.​

1. Phezulu{1}}ubushushu kunye{2}}neViscosity ePhakathi yokuPholisa

Kwiimeko ezifana neenkqubo zokupholisa ityuwa enyibilikisiweyo kwishishini lesinyithi, ezakhelwe ngokwemveli{0}}kwiimpompo ziyasokola ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zothutho oluphakathi ngenxa yesithuba kunye nothintelo lokumelana nobushushu. Ukujongana noku, iimpompo ezinikezelweyo zobushushu obuphezulu{2}}ziphuhlisiwe. Ezi mpompo zisebenzisa{4}}ubushushu obuphezulu-imathiriyeli ye-alloy ekwaziyo ukumelana kunye nezakhiwo zokutywinwa ngoomatshini, zivumela ukusebenza okuzinzileyo phantsi kweemeko ezingaphezulu kwe-300 degree. Ngeli xesha, uyilo oluzimeleyo lwemibhobho egqunyiweyo lunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu ngexesha lothutho oluphakathi, luqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokupholisa.

2. Uqhushumbo{1}}Ubungqina kunye neeNdawo eziNgcolileyo

Kumashishini afana neekhemikhali zepetroli kunye namayeza, ezakhelwe{0}}kwiimpompo zenza umngcipheko omkhulu wokhuseleko ukuba iinjini zazo kunye nezinto zombane zichanabeke ngokuthe ngqo kwiigesi ezinokutsha, eziqhumayo, okanye ezidlayo. Impompo yangaphandle iseti ugqabhuko lwentlanganiso -imigangatho yobungqina (umz., Ex d IIB T4 Ga) ibe yimfuneko. Izindlu zabo zeemoto zithatha{7}}izakhiwo ezingqina ukuqhuma, kunye nezixhobo zombane zityholwa-nonyango lokutya, nto leyo evumela ukufakela ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Indawo yokupholisa, nangona kunjalo, inokubekwa kwindawo engaphandle ekhuselekileyo kwaye iqhagamshelwe ngemibhobho emide{10}}eqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko ngelixa kugcinwa uzinzo lokusebenza.

3. IiMfuno zokuPholisa eziSelfowuni nezeThutyana

Ukupholisa uhlangulo olungxamisekileyo okanye iiprojekthi zokwakha zexeshana, iinqaba zokupholisa ezihambayo-ezizakhelwe{1}}kwiimpompo zibonelela ngoncedo olulodwa. Ezi zixhobo zidibanisa impompo, itanki yamanzi, kunye nenqaba yokupholisa kwi-chassis ehambayo, exhotyiswe ngejeneretha ye-diesel okanye ujongano lwamandla oluphathwayo. Akukho nto inzima{4}ekwakhiweni kwemibhobho yesiza efunekayo, kwaye inkqubo inokufakelwa, ilungiswe, ize isetyenziswe kwiiyure nje ezingephi, ibonelela ngenkxaso yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko zonxunguphalo.​

Impembelelo yoPhuhliso lobuChwepheshe kuYilo lweMpompo: Iindlela zoBukrelekrele kunye nokuFaneka koMbane

Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje, uphuhliso lobukrelekrele kunye{0}}nogcino lwetekhnoloji luyimise ngokutsha impompo yoyilo lweenqaba zokupholisa ezivaliweyo{1}}, yenza mfiliba imida yesiqhelo phakathi kweempompo ezakhiwe{2}}ngaphakathi nangaphandle kunye nokuzala izisombululo ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

1. Iinkqubo eziHlanganisiweyo eziHlanganisiweyo

Ukuvela kweenkqubo ezikrelekrele ezidityanisiweyo zidibanisa ukulungelwa kokwakhiwa{0}}kwiimpompo kunye nokuguquguquka kweempompo zangaphandle. Abanye abavelisi baphehlelele "iinqaba zokupholisa zemodyuli ezivaliweyo{2}," ezithatha uyilo lolwakhelwe{3}}kwiimpompo kunye neeyunithi ezizimeleyo zeemodyuli. Imodyuli nganye ixhotyiswe ngempompo yokujikeleza ephambili ezinikeleyo kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ekrelekrele, evumela iimodyuli ukuba ziqaliswe okanye zimiswe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zangempela zokupholisa. Olu luyilo lugcina iplagi{6}}kwaye{7}}kunye nokudlala inzuzo yokwakhiwa{8}}kwiimpompo ngelixa uphumeza ukunyathela kohlengahlengiso lwesakhono seempompo zangaphandle. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zorhwebo ezintsonkothileyo zokupholisa umoya, inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla enkqubo nge-15% ukuya kuma-20% ngokuhambelana okuguquguqukayo kwemithwalo yokupholisa.

2. Ukunyuswa koGuquguquko{1}}Itekhnoloji yokuQhuba rhoqo

Ukwenziwa kwamagama okuguquguqukayo- kobuchwephesha bokuqhuba (VFD) kwenze ukuba kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwempompo{1}}iinkqubo ezinezixhobo. Nokuba zakhiwe ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle, iimpompo ezidityaniswe nabalawuli be-VFD zinokuhlengahlengisa isantya sazo ngokusekelwe kutshintsho lokwenyani{4}}lwexesha lobushushu besixhobo sokusebenza, ukuthintela inkcitho yamandla ebangelwa kukusebenza rhoqo{5}}isantya. Ngokomzekelo, kwiinkqubo zokubumba iplastiki, iimfuno zokupholisa ziyaguquguquka kunye neebhetshi zokuvelisa kunye nobushushu bokubumba. Iimpompo eziguquguqukayo-zinokulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo amazinga okuhamba ukuzinzisa ubushushu bamanzi okupholisa phakathi koluhlu lwe-±1 degree, ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso ngelixa unciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla empompo ngaphezulu kwe-25% ngonyaka.

3. Ukusetyenziswa kweDigital Twin Technology

Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha bamawele edijithali kubonelela ngesixhobo esitsha kulawulo olupheleleyo-lomjikelo wobomi bempompo-iinkqubo ezinezixhobo. Ngokwakha imodeli yedijithali yeenqaba zokupholisa kunye neeseti zempompo, ukulinganisa ixesha lokwenyani{3}}kwexesha lokulinganisa iimeko zokusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo kunokufezekiswa, ukuvumela uqikelelo lwangethuba lokunxitywa kwempompo kunye nemijikelo yolondolozo ukunqanda ukusilela ngequbuliso. Umzekelo, kwiinkqubo zokupholisa -zesetyhula ezivaliweyo zezityalo zamandla obushushu, amaqonga amawele edijithali anokuhlalutya ukushukuma kwempompo kunye notshintsho lwangoku ukumisela ngokuchanekileyo amanqanaba okunxiba kunye neshedyuli yolondolozo kwangaphambili, ukunciphisa izinga lokungaphumeleli kwesixhobo ngaphezulu kwe-30%.​

IsiShwankathelo seNgcebiso zoKhetho: Isigqibo esiGuquguqukayo{0}}Ukwenza ngokuSekwe kwiiMfuno

Ukukhetha ukuba -inqaba yokupholisa yesekethe evaliweyo kufuneka ize nempompo ngokubalulekayo yibhalansi phakathi "{1}}noncedo lwexesha elifutshane" kunye "nexabiso-elide." Abasebenzisi banokulandela la manyathelo xa bekhetha izixhobo:

Cacisa IiMfuno ezingundoqo

Kwiiprojekthi ezincinci naphakathi{0}}ezinobukhulu obuncinci ezinendawo enyiniweyo yofakelo kunye nokunyamezelana okuphezulu kukuvalwa kokulungisa: Beka phambili izixhobo ezihlanganisiweyo ngempompo eyakhelweyo-kwimpompo yokuqala yokuhambisa ukunciphisa iindleko{2}}kwangoko kunye nobunzima bofakelo.​

Kwiiprojekthi-ezinkulu zemizi-mveliso, iinkqubo zemveliso eziqhubekayo, okanye iiprojekthi ezinezicwangciso zokwandisa kwixesha elizayo: Khetha izixhobo ngaphandle kokwakhelwa-kwimpompo kwaye uzithelekise neeseti zempompo ezilungiselelwe zangaphandle ukomeleza inkqubo yokuguquguquka nokuthembeka.​

Vavanya ngokupheleleyo{0}Iindleko zomjikelo wobomi

Ngaphaya kweendleko zokuthenga izixhobo, qwalasela iindleko{0}}zexesha elide ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenza, iindleko zokulungisa, kunye nelahleko yokuvala. Umzekelo, utyalo-mali lwakwangoko kwiimpompo zangaphandle lunokuba ngu-10%-15% ngaphezulu kolwakhelwe-kwiimpompo, kodwa ngolawulo lwe-VFD kunye nokugcinwa okubhetyebhetye, iindleko zabo ezipheleleyo{7}}zomjikelo wobomi zinokuncitshiswa ngaphezulu kwe-20%-ezenza ukuba zilungele iiprojekthi ezinomjikelo wokusebenza ongaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10.​

Gxininisa kuKuhambelana koBuchule

Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo (umzekelo, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, uqhushumbo-kwimekobume engqingqwa, iimeko ezidlekayo), beka phambili ukuhambelana kobugcisa kwaye ukhethe izisombululo zempompo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza, kunokuba ulandele elona xabiso liphantsi. Umzekelo, kwiindawo ezingqina uqhushumbo lwekhemikhali{4}, kwanezixokelelwano zokupholisa ezincinci neziphakathi{5}}zifuna ugqabhuko-dubulo lwangaphandle{6}iseti yempompo yobungqina bokuthobelana nemigaqo yokhuseleko.​

Gcina isithuba soPhuculo lwexesha elizayo

Ngexesha lesigaba sokucwangcisa iprojekthi, qwalasela ukwandiswa kwamandla kwixesha elizayo kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo. Ukuba kukho ukungaqiniseki, khetha izixhobo zemodyuli okanye iinkqubo zempompo zangaphandle ukugcina unxibelelwano ukulungiselela uhlengahlengiso lwamva, ukuthintela ukungasebenzi kwangaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yokhetho olungafanelekanga.

Elokuqukumbela, akukho lulungelelwaniso lwempompo "lolona lulunge kakhulu" lweendawo ezivaliweyo -iinqaba zokupholisa zesekethi{1}}kuphela "ezona zifanelekileyo" enye. Ngokuphonononga ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zabo, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye nezicwangciso{3}}zexesha elide, abasebenzisi banokwenza izigqibo ezilungelelanisa uqoqosho, ukuthembeka, nokujonga phambili{4}}ukujongeka, ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza okupholisa okuvaliweyo{5}}iinqaba zokupholisa zesekethe ukubonelela ngenkxaso yobushushu obuzinzileyo kwimveliso kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla.